无刷钻头| Pros and Cons, Which Drill to Buy?

If you take a look at the current cordless tools in the market, the brushless variants are dominating. In spite of their dominance, they have a tough competition from brushed counterparts. This is evident in the drill segment where people often assess Brushless vs Brushed Drill when they are purchasing a new drill for the first time or upgrading their old drill.

在本指南中，让我们探索练习的世界，即刷和无刷的钻头，列出它们的优势和缺点，绘制无刷的vs刷钻钻比较图表，并找出最适合您的钻头：无刷或刷子。

Brushed Vs Brushless Motors

The main difference between Brushed and Brushless Drills, is, well, the type of Motor used in the drills. Actually, the terms Brushed and Brushless Drills is a direct reference to the motors in them i.e., Brushed Motor and Brushless Motor. All the other parameters such as its power, torque, drive technology, ease of use and maintenance etc. are directly dependent on the type of motor.

Hence, even though our discussion is related to Brushless vs Brushed Drills, we are essentially going to talk about Brushless and Brushed Motors. Let us begin the discussion starting with Brushed Motors.

拉丝电动机

已知最简单的直流电动机之一是拉丝直流电动机。以其基本形式，拉丝直流电动机由一个永久磁铁定子和充当转子的电线伤机组成。

当我们通过换向器环向电枢绕组提供直流电源时，根据洛伦兹法律，线圈中诱导磁场。这将使转子旋转。

弹簧加载的换向器刷将帮助换向器与直流电源接触。因此，这些刷子在直流电动机的工作中起着重要作用。换向器刷通常由碳组成。

无刷电动机

While Brushed Motors have been the main choice of DC Motors for quite some time, a need for quitter, reliable and free from mechanical wear-and-tear led to the development of Brushless DC Motors.

刷直流电机的主要故障之一its brushes. As they are responsible for transmitting the power to the armature winding, they have to continuously make contact with the commutator and as a result you can see sparks and eventual burnout.

与拉丝电动机相反，无刷电动机中的转子由永久磁铁组成，而其定子由一系列绕组组成。当我们为定子线圈燃烧时，在线圈中诱导磁场，这吸引了转子的磁铁。如果我们有三个这样的绕组，我们可以替代地启动线圈并使转子连续旋转。

无刷直流电动机利用霍尔效应传感器了解转子的位置，并根据这些传感器的数据，电子控制电路将激活适当的线圈（或一组线圈）以保持光滑的旋转。

拉丝和无刷电动机的优点和缺点

现在，我们已经看到了这两个电动机，让我们权衡这些电机的利弊。

Advantages of Brushed Motors

• 拉丝电机技术是一项验证的技术。许多小型直流电动机是拉丝类型的。您可以在玩具，中型电器（吹风机），电钻和螺丝刀，热枪，焊接站等等中找到它们。
• The design and construction Brushed DC Motors is very simple.
• 由于内部组件少，制造很容易。反过来，这意味着拉丝直流电动机的整体成本很低。
• Very wide range of applications: toys, electrical appliances, automobiles.

拉丝电动机的缺点

• 拉丝直流电动机的主要缺点是名称本身，即刷子。刷子是拉丝电动机中机械故障的主要来源。他们不断与换向器接触，以从供应传输电源到绕组。他们最终会磨损。
• Brushes also cause sparks in the motor. Hence, brushed motors are not generally preferred in sensitive areas.
• 它们是电噪声的来源（由于弧线）。EMI敏感应用可能不完全使用拉丝电动机或需要额外的屏蔽。

Advantages of Brushless Motors

• As they are almost friction free, you can use brushless motors for extended periods without worrying about mechanical losses or failure (except for bearings).
• 无刷电动机中没有刷子和过量发热等刷子相关的问题。反过来，这意味着电动机的总体效率明显更高。
• Brushless motors are considerably lighter in weight as well as compact in size when compared to brushed motors.

Disadvantages of a Brushless Motor

• 即使它们没有任何刷子，电子控制电路和传感器也可以弥补无刷电动机的高成本。
• In spite of their friction less operation, any damage to the electronics might result in a costly repair or if it is beyond repair, then you have to completely replace the motor.

拉丝与无刷电机比较图表

无刷钻头

直到开发无刷钻头，拉丝钻头都是绳索和无线细分市场上市场上的主导类型。随着带有出色无刷电动机的无刷钻头的引入，尤其是在无绳电钻市场中，这种趋势开始逐渐改变。

Let us now take a look at the Brushless vs Brushed Drill comparison with respect to some essential parameters such as power, performance, cost etc.

力量

Brushed Drills are less powerful than brushless counterparts. As the power in brushed drills must pass through brushes, there will be a significant loss due to friction and heat. Brushless Drills on the other hand doesn’t have any frictional losses. As a result, they can achieve very high RPM (in the order of 50,000 RPM or higher) easily.

表现

This again is dependent on the power of the drills. Brushed Drills have a low power to torque ratio. This ratio falls down further with continuous usage as brushes wear out and eventually must be replaced. Brushes need to make physical contact with the commutator rings at all times. This will have a significant impact on the drive torque. Brushless Drills have no frictional losses. Hence, the torque losses are very minimum and this in turn means a good power to torque ratio.

寿命和维护

Once again, brushes come into action. Due to the physical wearing of the brushes, they must be replaced quite often. Good thing about most of these brushed drills is that their construction is very simple and with slight practise you can easily replace the brushes yourself. Brushless Drills doesn’t have any physical wear and tear but the problems could arise in the form of electronics. Sadly, it is difficult to diagnose the error and also expensive to repair.

Depending on the usage, the life time of brushed drills is very low before the brushed give up and must be replaced. In contrast, brushless drills have a significantly higher life time.

Usability

Brushed Drills are heavy and loud. Your shoulders and back take a significant toll if you have to use it for a longer period with hearing protection. Brushless Drills win in this context. They are light in weight and are relatively quiet. As a matter of fact, the lightweight and less noise is one of main selling point of brushless drills.

Cost

来到最终和重要因素：价格。不错的无绳钻钻的价格在60到80美元之间。但是，如果您选择无刷选项，则必须花费150美元甚至更多。因此，根据您的要求，您可能必须在拉丝或无刷钻头之间进行选择。

选择哪种演习？无刷或拉丝

If you are a professional who works with drills all the time, then investing in brushless drills will save you a lot in the longer run. You don’t have to worry about heat and wearing of brushes and use the brushless drill for a long duration. But due to their lightweight and low noise, even home owners, who don’t use drills that often, are spending that extra money to buy brushless drills. If budget is your constraint and you use drill very rarely, then you are better off with a brushed drill. You will save a lot of money and even if you have to replace the brushes, you can easily repair them on your own.

Conclusion

Brushless vs Brushed Drill is a long running dilemma among drill buyers. Brushless Motor based Drills have many advantages over the Brushed Motor Drills but the cost is one of the main disadvantages. Cordless Brushless Drills are light in weight, make less noise, requires almost no maintenance and have better power efficiency. As a result, more manufacturers are pushing Brushless Drills even in the entry and semi-professional categories.